Efeitos adversos à poliquimioterapia em pacientes com hanseníase atendidos nas unidades básicas de saúde.

Abstract

The hanseniasis is a chronic granulomatous disease, descendent of infection caused by bacillus Mycobacterium leprae, of high infectivity and low pathogenicity, with potential for complications and physical incapacities. Is a millennial represents, now a days, a great problem of public health in many parts of the world. Since the 1980s, was preconized by the World Health Organization the Polychemotherapy for disease treatment, being composed by the drug combination of dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine. This combination of drugs brought the possibility of cure and elimination of the disease as a health public problem, but without an adequate handling, the adver se effects resulting from this association accumulates, causing complications to the patients, being pointed in many studies as possible cause of irregularity or treatment dropout. Faced with, this study had the main objective verify the adverse effects to the drugs used in the Polychemotherapy for hanseanisis treatment, the occurrence of change of the therapeutic regimen and irregularities in the treatment, from the review of patients promptuaries treated in the basic health units of the municipally of Cajazeiras–PB. This is a retrospective study and document, with a quantitative approach, which was developed in the basic health units, with the highest percentage of cases in the municipally of Cajazeiras–PB. The data were collected from patients promptuaries who completed the treatment of hanseniasis during the period of janaury 2013 to may 2016. Data were collected from 48 patient promtuaries. The adverse reactions in this study were infrequent compared to other related studies, suggesting that there might be sub notification. The cutaneos effect related to clofazimine were more frequent among the adverse effects, such as skin hyperpigmentation (45,8%) and ichthyosis / xerosis (37,5%). Among the adverse reactions stands out the anemia (25%), often associated to the dapsone use. Changes occurred in the therapeutic regimen in two patients due to adverse reactions, all related to dapsone, denoting that this drug was the main cause of adverse effects which causes a suspension of the use and exchange of therapeutic scheme. The appearance of adverse reactions medicaments interfered in adherence to treatment, being confirmed the abandonment of two patients. It is necessary that there is an effective active search for patients , to prevent abandonment cases. The health teams should be well prepared to diagnose the adverse effects and take the best approach in each situation. Since this is a retrospective study, corroborates to the low frequency of adverse effects and interference in treatment adherence, because can not proceed with the monitoring of patients.