O potencial efetivo e a restauração de simetrias.

Abstract

In this work we make quantum corrections to the potential of a classical theory with symmetry ZN with the intention of understanding the effects quantum of theory via the radiative corrections of effective potential in a loop. For this to happen we need the n elds that make up the theory with discrete symmetry, expected values have nonzero vacuum that minimizes the potential. However, we know that the potential has interaction terms, and that if we look at the quantum vacuum that has physical interpretation of the state of particles, these terms yield corrections to the potential and obtain the true vacuum expectation value of the theory that minimizes the effective potential. With this we hope that arises the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking whose purpose is to produce topological defects like domain walls and junctions. In the present study advance the introduction of nite temperature effects via mechanism Matsubara.