Desenvolvimento de biocerâmicas porosas para regeneração óssea.

Abstract

Currently in the area of biomateriais destined for bone regeneration, exists an interest in the development of materiais capable to stimulate the biological reply necessary to reestablish the functions of the bone tissue in loss, lack or bad functioning case. The hydroxyapatite (HA, Caio(P04)6(OH)2) that shows similarity with the mineral phase of bone and teeth, it is biocompatible and osteoconductive, and has excellent chemical and biological affinity with the bone tissue. This study aimed to develop porous bioceramics for bone regeneration using the replica of the polymeric sponge technique. Polyurethane sponges were used with varying densities to obtain the scaffolds. Results of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of the HA monophasic and confirmed the efficiency of the neutralization reaction used in obtaining the slurry ceramics. Analyses by scanning electron microscopy revealed scaffolds with interconnected pores with different sizes on the order of macro and microporosity to a lesser or greater degree depending on the density of foam used in the production of samples. These results were proven by the analysis of the mercury porosimetry. The porous scaffold HAPU28 detached by showing higher total porosity compared to scaffold produced with sponge of lower density (HAPU-20 and HAPU-25). The results indicate the porous HA scaffolds developed in this study as potential materiais for application as bone substitutes to have high porosity (> 70%), chemical composition, interconnectivity and pore sizes appropriate to the bone regeneration.