Análise de políticas públicas de saúde: proposição de um modelo de inter-relações complexas aplicado à política nacional de saneamento básico, no Estado da Paraíba.

Abstract

This research had the general objective of analyzing the Basic Sanitation Policy (PNSB) in the State of Paraíba between 2007 and 2017, regarding compliance with the fundamental principle of drinking water supply and sanitary sewage, highlighting the repercussions in the field of public health and environmental. Regarding methodological procedures, it was a quantitative-qualitative research; descriptive and explanatory of the objectives; of the documentary and field type regarding the procedures. The research site was the State of Paraíba. The population of the quantitative analysis consisted of families enrolled in the Family Health Program; users registered in SINAN, SIH-SUS and SISPCE. We still use information from the SNIS and Transparency Portal. In the qualitative part the sample was composed by state managers, representatives of the Committees of Hydrographic Basin and FUNASA. The instruments of quantitative data collection were: spreadsheets, tables and graphs, made available by information portals. For qualitative data, we use semi-structured interview scripts. The data collection took place in two moments, the first was the documentary analysis and the second the field research. For the treatment of the interviews, we used the Bardin content analysis method. As main results: we systematized a new model for public policy analysis and applied to PNSB, based on five aspects - context, content, process, financing and actors. Thus, we highlight the social scenario and health situation in which Brazil and Paraíba were immersed in 2007; which showed the consequences of the absence of a public policy directed to basic sanitation. As regards content; we may consider it fragmented, conflicting and insufficient to meet the complexity of the issue; the financing and directed investments have been insufficient to meet the real needs of the sector; we identify that the phase where there is greater participation of the social actors interviewed and of the institutions that they represent is the implementation; as regards the evaluation of the policy, the slowness of the evolution of public sanitation services, especially sanitary sewage, was evident.