Dinâmica da degradação ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do açude Soledade-PB. Um estudo temporal (1990-2010).

Abstract

This study aimed to build the problem with the discussion of the dynamics of environmental degradation in the basin of the dam Soledade PB, as it proposed to evaluate the effects caused by the increase and / or decreased levels of degradation and land cover classes between 1990 and 2010, and also perform a diagnosis of vulnerabilities technological and socio-economic environment of rural families in the basin. From the information of vegetation, topography, land use, degradation and population density, was described areas susceptible to environmental degradation. The results obtained by degradation of thematic maps and satellite image coverage was used Landsat 5 and 7 using processing techniques using the program Spring 5.1.5, based on descriptive field work, where he was given use of the GPS global positioning and registration images of each observation, and the vulnerabilities presented the percentages of 12.8%, 46%, 75% and 68.7%, 12.8% of those caused by social distribution of income, low health and rural dwellings. The conclusions were constructed through processes determined by temporal variations in levels of degradation of the lands, land cover classes, and both had evolution. The study accounted for an area of 300.2 km2 basin, and that 48.3% of the territory in 1990, belonged to very low levels of degradation and moderately low in 2010 was its reduction to 23.9% shows that the region study presents the use of these vulnerable natural resources caused by deforestation in the use of extensive livestock and agriculture, the uncontrolled use of wood for energy sources and intensive farming has reduced the native vegetation of the area 9.8 km ² during the twenty of research range.