Fatores relacionados ao sobrepeso e obesidade infantis: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder resulting from an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide, especially in the pediatric age group is considered a worldwide public health problem . Its etiology is multifactorial, with participation of genetic and environmental factors in its genesis . In childhood , the identification of these factors contributes to the prevention of disease and their complications . This paper aims to identify, through studies with good scientific evidence , the factors that are related to the development of overweight and obesity in childhood. It was elected the method of integrative literature review. The survey was conducted in PubMed and LILACS databases using the keywords and child obesity and "risk factor " in the last 10 years ( 2004­2014 ) . The results , after having applied the criteria of exclusion and inclusion , were abstracted from critics and thorough reading of 10 articles . Evidence were synthesized , pointing to the presence of closely related factors to the development of overweight and obesity , among them the high birth weight, maternal weight gain during pregnancy , overweight / obesity and smoking of parents , low family income , low parental education , the child's sedentary lifestyle and a few hours of nightly sleep . The studies used were strong evidence according to evidence­based practice and had representative samples. However, due to the different diagnostic criteria defining overweight and obesity described in the literature , the work did not adopt the same standards to define overweight and obesity in children. It will be therefore necessary a global standardization of the definition of overweight and obesity to homogenize the studies on the subject.