Modelo de resiliência socioecológica e as suas contribuições para a geração do desenvolvimento local sustentável: validação no contexto comunitário de Marisqueiras em Pitimbu-PB.

Abstract

Socioecological resilience presents a proportional and direct relation with sustainability. This means that the higher the sustainability of a socioecological system is, more resilient it becomes and vice-versa. This research aims at evaluating the contributions of socioecological resilience concerning sustainability and local sustainable development in context of primary activities of familiar character. It had as reference Acaú community, district of Pitimbu-PB, mesoregion of Paraíba´s Forest. The research presented as methodological perspective a bibliographical review about resilience, as theme, with emphasis on socioecological resilience. The main authors who theoretically inspired this research were Adger (2000, 2007); Holling (1978; 1996; 2000; 2002); Leff (2001, 2004), phenomenon in study. It is characterized as a qualitative research being, at the same time, descriptive and exploratory a reflective approach. The methodology focused on case study due to the need to employ a set of methods, techniques and variables essential for the qualitative analysis of the socioecological context, adopted as observation field, to be attained. For the qualitative analysis, both content analysis (BARDIN, 2010) and discourse analysis (PÊCHEUX, 2008) were adopted. In theoretical terms, this study was based on socioecological resilience, local sustainable development and sustainability indicators. Taking into account the results of the system employment of PEIR sustainability indicators, Acaú community, in the present context, is in an unfavorable condition for sustainability and its local development. However, in relation to resilience, criteria, whose relations are positive to the strengthening of socioecological resilience, form the Intersection Nucleus (IN). Such criteria or variables were: local knowledge (technique and values), trustworthiness, solidarity (integration), social memory (local identity), preservation (act of preserving – identity and biodiversity) and creativity (creative and adaptive processes to changes). It can be concluded that in human universe, though adversities and needs for facing changes are diversified, socioecological resilience, as a variable which functions by means of internal and external simultaneous mechanisms to the organization process of an organism, either in micro, meso or macro level, represents inner strength which nourishes the capacity for overcoming difficulties in order to adapt itself to external demands. It is highlighted that external influences cause changes whose adjustments are sustainable once intrinsic factors related to identity values, from each human context, are respected. It was verified that IN determinant criteria of socioecological resilience, pointed out by social actors, are determinant factors concerning strengthening of socioecological resilience, central variable of sustainability and, consequently of local sustainable development.