Termodinâmica violando a invariância de Lorentz pela teoria de campos efetiva no regime ultravioleta e aplicações.

Abstract

In this dissertation, we consider a proposal which modifies the gauge and fermion sectors via Myers-Pospelov effective field theory. The main feature of this approach is the Lorentz symmetry violation through the introduction of higher-derivatives operators of dimension-5 and constant fields. Hence, breaking this important symmetry leads to dispersion relations probing effects in the Planck energy scale, that in turn, sets the limit for which the quantum description of space-time becomes to be relevant. It motivate us to study the possible implications of these modified dispersion relations on thermodynamic behavior of photons and fermions gases. It will be shown that the breakdown of Lorentz invariance can be interpreted as a repulsive or attractive pseudo-interaction among the particles. Additionally, for instance, it will be shown that the presence of a deformed dispersion relation for photons entails an increase in the entropy of the system, e.g., the Lorentz symmetry violation may lead to an increase in the number of microstates available to the system. In addition, we apply the properties of these gases to black body radiation and stellar dynamics of white dwarfs in the Chandrasekhar model.