Defeitos e modelos de quintessência.

Abstract

Cosmological models involving scalar eld sallow the description of an accelerated cosmic expansion phase, and thus, they appear as apromising alternative in the study of cosmic in action and dark energy. The key element of this acceleration is the dark energy or quintessence. Our interest is to analyze cosmological solutions based on the fi rst-order formalism. In particular, we investigate the case for at space-time, by coupling scalar fi elds in a nontrivial manner using the extension method. The results obtained allowed us to calculate cosmological analytical parameters which are illustrated along the text. Moreover, we will discuss the tools used in scalar eld theory in the defect description, we took as a starting point models with a scalar eld, and by reviewing the basics of theories that involve three scalar elds. Further more, by using the BPS method (Bogomol'nyi, PrasadandSomer eld), we showed that the solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations can be derived from the fi rst-order diferential equations. After all these analyzes, we will connect the fi eld theory tools with the Einstein eld equation. We hope to understand the expansion process of the accelerated universe through the previous procedures and by using the solutions of the Friedmann equations.