Regeneração da vegetação caatinga sobre a exploração de mineração de granito e gnaisse no Cariri Paraibano.

Abstract

This research aims to identify and analyze the level of regeneration from Caatinga vegetation in different stages, under the impact of mining granite in gneiss in Paraíba waste, developed in the municipality of Soledad-PB. To conduct the floristic survey five areas of vegetation cover in the Caatinga biome stages of regeneration were selected: a) 50 years - shows a forest with shrubby woody Caatinga physiognomy; b) 20 years - shrubby closed Caatinga; c) 15 years - open shrubby Caatinga; d) 10 years - Caatinga undergrowth; and, e) 5 years - Herbal Caatinga. Woody plant species, such as trees and shrubs were collected, in addition to subshrubs. The herbal extract was collected only in the area of 5 years of operation. Each plot was made within each crater exploration, comprising an area of 10mx20m, totaling twenty five installments. All the woody species was measured with diameter on ground level (base) – (DNS) greater than or equal to 10 cm, diameter at breast-level DBH ≥ 5 cm, measured at 1m height. In the area of regeneration of five years were counted all individuals of each species and found only the frequency. Ecological indexes of the areas were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2010 and the Primer 6.0. The record of species of Caatinga vegetation of the five sampled areas were compared from the similarity index of Jaccard and Sorensen. Through the floristic survey 6,132 individuals belonging to 25 botanical families and 58 species were recorded. It was found that the Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae were the ones that contributed the greatest number of species in the tree and shrub component. The species of the areas that was exploited there 20-15 years old had the process of regeneration close to that registered in the preservation area regarding 50 years, highlighting the pyramidalis Poincianella and Croton blanchetianus. However, regarding wealth, the area five years is more distant from the other areas. The area of 20 years had the highest abundance. From the results it was possible to know the process of regeneration of pioneer and secondary successional species of the Caatinga, since it contributes to the preservation of the species and the recovery of degraded areas in Paraiba’s semiarid.