Áreas pobres de Campina Grande: análise da evolução socioespacial dos espaços urbanos através das zonas especiais de interesse social.

Abstract

In the expansion period of the resident population in cities driven by the industrialization process in Brazil, occurs a fast growth in number of occupations in poor quality housing and urban infrastructure, setting off an uneven urbanization. Traditionally in Brazil, these areas they became known as favelas. The necessity of creation of an urban policy required for reversal inheritances of the past, resulted in the construction of the City Statute, official designation of the law 10.257 of July 10, 2001, responsible for the regulation of urban policy composed in the Brazilian Constitution of 1998. The City Statute has authored of the creation of urban policy instruments we know today, among them the Master Plan, becoming this one, guide the urban planning of cities. Adding up the conquests of Brazilian cities in recent years, stands out, in the present survey, the creation of Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS), provided in municipal master plans used as instrument of organization of precarious spaces in terms of urbanization and regularization of settlements, as well as for the production of social housing, considering the individual needs of Brazilian cities. This monograph presents an approach about the public policies for poor areas in the urban space, aiming to analyze the socio-spatial transformations in areas demarcated as ZEIS in Campina Grande-PB, as also, the intervention process the public authorities in said poor areas of the city. The results showed some changes and persistence infrastructural problems in the city ZEIS, which should be prioritized how much the need for public investments. However, it is concluded that urban planning is essential for the execution of necessary investments in poor areas, aiming at merging of those areas in a comprehensive urban system and urban life quality.