Diagnóstico ambiental da sub-bacia do Rio Taperoá - PB.

Abstract

Watershed is considered as whole area drained by a main river and its tributaries, dividing into headboards or springs, major waterways, dividers surface and underground waters, tributaries and sub-tributaries. In the state of Paraíba there are eleven watersheds: Paraiba River; Abiaí River; Gramame River; Miriri River; Mamanguape River; Camaratuba River; Guaju River; Piranhas River; Curimataú River; Jacu River and Trairi River, the latter two of Federal jurisdiction. For purposes of analysis and management, and due to its wide range of coverage, the watershed of the Paraíba River was divided into sub-basin of the Taperoá River and three hydrographic regions (high, medium and low Paraíba). Chosen as the study area, the sub-basin of the Taperoá River - PB is fully inserted in the Caatinga’s biome, and despite its great biodiversity, especially with regard to its vegetation, also shows strong fragility, in which human action allowed an accelerated process of environmental destruction, leading to a rapid loss of unique species process. Thus, the need for disposal techniques for monitoring and analysis of the earth's surface make geotechnologies a major means and more viable for such studies. The way to identify, analyze and manage the use of these resources is the factor that can accentuate or minimize the impact, in which the use of Remote Sensing and Geoprocessing in environmental analysis focused studies are being constituted as an indispensable means for the recognition and planning the rational use of land resources. Therefore, it aimed to produce an environmental diagnosis of the sub-basin of the Taperoá river - PB using Remote Sensing, considering the main environmental modifying agents in the Sub-basin as well as the feasibility of using the detection of changes to environmental analysis area. To this end, it characterized the physical environment that based on their geomorphological, climatic and current characteristics of the vegetation. Finally, we analyzed the banks of the river Taperoá according to Law Nº 12,651/12 delimiting the Permanent Protection Areas, aiming a diagnosis of your current condition. Thus, it was found that the Sub-basin, consisting of 26 municipalities, has a flat geomorphology with higher elevations and slopes concentrated in its surroundings. The change detection process showing changes in the whole area in the 2002-2014 period. Therefore, it is not possible to say with only the Change Detection, the Sub-basin is characterized as a preserved area or wide regeneration process, given that the results may vary with the reaction of vegetation in relation to rainfall. Finally, you can identify that goes through a process of degradation of vegetation, with sharp reductions over the years, evidenced mainly through the Forest Code of the breach in the river Taperoá APP.