Avaliação da vulnerabilidade socioambiental urbana de Campina Grande-PB: uma proposta metodológica.

Abstract

Urban development has intensively enabled the process of spatial artificialization and the generation of strong socio-environmental externalities. As a result of this complex and dual relationship, there are: population growth, horizontal expansion of cities, lack of planning and the occupation of inappropriate spaces for housing. In this context, the urban space has corroborated the triggering of extreme hydrometrological events, since the socio-environmental factors and urban morphology of cities have frequently conditioned these. Taking the city of Campina Grande-PB as a space for analysis, the objective is to assess the different levels of urban socio-environmental vulnerability to extreme rain events. Thus, aiming to meet the proposed objectives, the analysis is developed through the methodological construction of indicators, aiming at the conceptual operationalization of the phenomenon of Urban Socioenvironmental Vulnerability in the face of the typologies of disasters acting in the area under study and establishing the relationships between the processes of social vulnerability and physical environmental fragility. Adopting the systemic model as a methodological basis, the respective index is developed through the processing of 46 social indicators and measurement of matrix bases of physical data (relief, soil, climate, vegetation, use and occupation of urban land), which through its own equations, application of map algebra and multiciterial analysis (AHP Model (Analytic Hierachy Process)), the cartography of the Urban Socioenvironmental Vulnerability of Campina Grande-PB to extreme hydroclimatic events is developed. Thus, understanding the urban space as its socio-spatial heterogeneity and its historical heritages, and identifying the complexity of the urban phenomenon and the extreme rain events that devastate the city, the preponderance of physical-environmental elements is highlighted, in the corroboration of floods and floods, which are directly associated with the use and coverage of urban land, slope and the intense flow of precipitation received in a short period of time by torrential rains existing in the city. Therefore, social vulnerability is mainly coupled with the occurrence in peripheral areas and/or with low infrastructure conditions, which has strong negative impacts on the individual and collective reconstruction power of communities. The reliability of the system is developed not only in view of the security of its database, but in the formatting of its arrangement, which allows for its comparability and adaptation to other spatial, geographic and thematic cuts, as well as in the development of future analyzes through the appropriation of national census data.