Impactos da impermeabilização do solo urbano: uma análise no Bairro Palmeira Imperial em Campina Grande - PB.

Abstract

Population growth drives the process of urban expansion, which, especially in medium and large cities, has been rampant and dissociated from its planning, resulting in disordered use and occupation of the soil. This kind of appropriation causes damage to the environment and to the hydrological cycle of the river basin into which it is inserted. It is necessary, therefore, to address such disruptions arising from urbanization, especially the unplanned ones. In this sense, the present work analyzed the forms of occupation of the urban land, and evaluated the impacts generated by the urbanization process of the Palmeira Imperial neighborhood, in the city of Campina Grande - PB, based on the investigation of the accelerated growth of the civil construction observed, especially, from the year 2009 onwards in the city. For this purpose, geospatial technologies such as QGIS software were used for space-time analysis of the degree of soil impermeabilization, and a hydrological model for different urbanization scenarios using SWMM software. The temporal analysis case study’s occupation showed large growth and expansion of the neighborhood especially in the interval in 2009 and 2012, which can be attributed to the program Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV), and through the hydrological simulations it was possible to verify the impacts on the flow of rainwater caused waterproofing due to this occupation. The construction of output hydrograms showed increases of the order of 60% in the flow, showing that it is necessary to implement a drainage infrastructure to mitigate this increase and bring quality of life to the residents.