Estudo da degradação ambiental no entorno da bacia hidráulica do açude Manoel Marcionilo, Taperoá-PB.

Abstract

The municipality of Taperoá located in the central region of the state of Paraiba, mesoregion Borborema and microregion Cariri West. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental degradation and the vulnerability of the population living around the dam basin hydraulic Manoel Marcionílo in the municipality of Taperoá-PB. The methodology was based on temporal analysis of satellite images TM / Landsat - 5 for the dates of February 11, 1996 and May 24, 2010, were also used questionnaires to assess vulnerabilities and environmental perception of the basin, as well as field research , which aimed to make a general recognition of the area. The results indicated that environmental degradation has increased between 1996 and 2010, the vegetation cover was reduced and the degradation of land has increased significantly. In the study area is dominated by very serious levels, severe, moderate, severe and moderate land degradation. The results concern, because the levels moderate, moderately severe and severe had a large increase, thus, these areas will be able to install the desertification process, bringing as a consequence, social, economic and environmental. The main activities that contributed to increase this degradation were: agriculture, deforestation, construction of settlements, construction of corrals and densely populated, these activities have caused biodiversity losses, triggered erosion and sedimentation caused in a large pond. rural households are highly vulnerable, with high levels of vulnerability: social 55.1%, Economic 66.5%, Technology 78.7% , and Drought 78.8%. The poverty, poor public policies and lack of information forces the farmer to make use of natural resources in an unsustainable manner, directly reflected in the observed degradation in the area.