Inevitável acessar: um estudo do acesso à permanência no solo urbano na ZEIS Califon / Estação Velha, Campina Grande / PB.

Abstract

The urban expansion in cities with insufficient infrastructure capacity, inherited from the “urban tragedy”, restricted access to land by the poorest strata, thus having to respond to their housing needs through their own alternatives. However, numerous factors can influence the emergence of areas known as “informal cities”. The entire process of struggle and conquest for decent housing follows a list of conditioning factors in which the housing deficit and the excluding formal market lead to the inadequacy of the land by means of irregular occupations that cause the emergence of precarious settlements. Consequently, deficiencies arise in urban infrastructures, thus identifying different degrees of settlement consolidation, often subject to land tenure regularization, legal protection and intervention projects. With this, the general objective of this research is to analyze the occupation process and spatial transformation of the areas resulting from irregular settlements, from informal access to urban land to their permanence and consolidation, having the “Special Social Interest Area” (An urban legal instrument) - ZEIS Califon/Estação Velha as a study area in Campina Grande-PB. For this, this work was structured in three parts: “To occupy as a right”, “To access!” and “To remain?”. The first part includes the construction of the theoretical contribution of the work, raising questions about urban irregularity, occupations and precarious settlements. In the access configurations, the land access strategies were identified in the area under study, this being through the occupation of privately or publicly owned land, characteristic of slum-type settlements. In terms of maintaining the characterization of the area under study, it was possible to consider it as a consolidable settlement capable of simple urbanization interventions, regularization of land tenure and resettlement of dwellings in inadequate areas, thus leading to discussions on the re-delimitation of ZEIS and considerations on what could become a third level of analysis, threats to permanence in areas resulting from occupations.