(Re)conhecendo a heterogeneidade: proposta de novos parâmetros urbanísticos para a ZEIS Califon / Estação Velha em Campina Grande - PB.

Abstract

Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS) are human settlements, predominantly residential and occupied by low-income population, with precariousness or lack of basic infrastructure, their spaces being for public or private use. They are recognized and regulated by urban legislation. Studies on the physical form of these settlements are scarce and, due to their special characteristics, require different treatment in the definition of urbanization patterns, parceling, use and occupation of land, and equipment, infrastructure and urban services appropriate to their specificities should be proposed. Having said that, the present work has as general objective to study the possibilities for the establishment of new urban parameters of soil regulation for the ZEIS Califon / Estação Velha de Campina Grande - PB, considering the varied morphological patterns of this settlement. In this sense, the research has as specific objectives to build a methodology to identify the different morphological patterns of precarious settlements existing in ZEIS, and, based on this, to propose a classification of the built urban forms, considering the different types of density of these areas. It also proposes to simulate more appropriate specific urban parameters, appropriate to the different morphological characteristics of the settlement. For this analysis, the SpaceMatrix method (BERGHAUSER PONT and HAUPT, 2009) was used, a three-dimensional space, where it is possible to synthesize the density indices (Constructive Intensity - FSI, Coverage - GSI and Network Density - N) and characterize the quality of urban space. The projection of the values of these indices on a plane also generates two-dimensional graphs (FSI x GSI), SpaceMate, deriving two other indices: OSR (Pressure in Free Space) and L (Average Number of Floors). The results reveal that the ZEIS Califon / Estação Velha presents two morphological patterns, each one of them demanding different urban parameters for the regulation of urban soil that take into account their specificities.