Cultivo microbiano de Saccharomyces cerevisiae em frutos de algarobeira e sua aplicação como suplemento proteico em abelhas africanizadas.

Abstract

This work aims to produce a nutritional protein supplement made from the microbial culture of Saccharomices cerevisiae in typical tree fruits entitled mesquite, for that we regard pod flour substrate and apply as a supplementary food in colonies of Africanized bees in the between harvests. The mesquite pods were collected at the rural area from Pombal-Paraíba, which had been through some stages of sanitization, grinding in a forage machine for flour production and were later stored.Physicochemical and water activity evaluations were carried out and then the microbial culture was proceeded, where the yeast concentration (1%, 3% and 5%) and initial substrate moisture (60%, 70% and 80%) and response variables (protein enhancement).The experimental units were incubated in BOD at 30ºC. The kinetic monitoring of the cultivation was carried out, where the samples were collected at established time intervals to measure reducing sugars, protein percentage, pH and moisture.Among the experimental units, the condition that provided the best protein gain conditions was with the assay 2, regarding the variables -1/+1, obtaining a protein gain 1.94 times (94.72%) in 11 hours of cultivation. microbial. After the elaboration of the protein nutritional supplement, the product was applied in the feeding of Africanized bees in the laboratory. An attractiveness test was carried out with flower essences, the insects were placed in the center of an arena (22 x 10 cm in diameter), with connections for plastic containers (6 x 5 cm) containing 5g grams of the supplement, produced from of 80 grams of the beekeeping supplement + 20 grams of sugar + 5 drops of different essences for each corner of the arena.The lemon essence stood out being considered the most attractive, associated with the supplement, with a higher preference between 0.0 and 1.00. Subsequently, the toxicity assessment was performed. The bees were confined in wooden boxes at a temperature of 30ºC and fed with the fractionated supplement (with sugar association) in 25%, 50%, 75% and the control fed with Candi paste.The Toxicity assessment was performed by evaluating the insect survival time in each experimental unit. All treatments showed no significant difference (p=0.1973 ns), the bees had an approximately survival time of 25 days.Athe the field, the supplement was applied and compared with another supplement based on soy extract and beehive fed with energy food, sugar syrup. Both protein supplements were adjusted to a percentage of approximately 22% of protein and the protein supplement based on mesquite pod meal presented an average value of brood area development of 370.8 cm2, followed by colonies fed with a supplement to soy base, 307.6 cm2.The control group showed lower values, 246.8 cm2. The nutritional protein supplement based on mesquite and microbial protein was efficient to guarantee the dynamics of functioning of the beehive africanized bees in the period of non flowering in the field, collaborating for the maintenance of the swarms in the not raining season.