Laser de diodo de alta potência como coadjuvante ao tratamento mecânico não cirúrgico na periodontite: revisão integrativa para definição de um protocolo clínico.

Abstract

Introduction: The high power diode laser can enhance the clinical and microbiological effects of scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis, especially in deep sites that are difficult to access by curettes. Objective: to review the clinical research protocols that used the high-power diode laser as an adjunct therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis. Methods: Using the PICO strategy (Population, Intervention, Control and Results) to perform searches crossing key words, on virtual and free platforms, between 2015 and 2020. Clinical trials addressing the theme were collected, of which some were selected through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria and then presented in a table containing its main information. Results: With the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, it was obtained 5 randomized clinical trials for analysis. In three of them, the adjunct application of laser resulted in statistically relevant beneficial differences, while in the other two, this difference was observed only clinically. More significant effects were observed with the association of the application of the diode laser to conventional treatment, without adverse effects to the patient. Conclusion: Due to the heterogeneity of the research found, specifically with regard to the fiber diameter, wavelength, laser power and intensity, it is difficult to define a standard protocol for the treatment of periodontitis. However, some parameters used seem to be defined, such asμ power ranging from 1 to 3 W, 300 or 400 ȝm fiber, irradiation time of 20 to 30 seconds per site with fiber movement, in the periodontal pocket, in the apical direction - coronary.