Avaliação da eficiência do sistema de jardins flutuantes na qualidade da água no Açude da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG.

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities have led to the degradation of water bodies very rapidly. In order to mitigate the effects of sewage disposal on the environment, many technologies have been created, coupled with the rational use of natural resources. The objective of this work was to develop a system of floating gardens and evaluate its efficiency as a tool to aid in the revitalization of the “Laguinho” waters of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The assembly of the system took place in two stages: in the first one, 5 large modules with bamboo support structure were developed; In the second, 5 small modules with pallet support structure were created. In both steps coconut and ornamental plants were used. After the installation of the gardens, the water quality was monitored in relation to the removal of organic matter, by means of physical­chemical analysis for the parameters of BOD, COD, DO, Temperature and TDS. The results obtained in the analyzes were compared with experimental data prior to the implantation of the system. Through investigations carried out around the “Laguinho” and photographic records, possible sources of contribution of organic matter in the “Laguinho” were identified, such as domestic and industrial releases of upstream districts, effluent discharges from the university in the dam itself, infiltrations From septic tanks and disposal of local animal waste. Pallet gardens were more successful than bamboo, due to the smaller size and density, ease of maintenance, faster execution of the modules, and less need for labor. The system proved to be efficient for the parameters of BOD, COD and DO, especially in July and August, marked by frequent rains and the implantation of pallet gardens. The system was inefficient for TDS due to the lack of washing of the substrate prior to its implantation. When compared with experimental results prior to the implantation of the floating gardens system, the results obtained were better. For a better evaluation of the efficiency of the system, it is suggested the implantation of new small modules, maximizing the effects of the system and amplification of the physical­chemical analyzes of the "Laguinho" water in periods of low precipitation.