Anestesia em felinos com doença do trato urinário inferior - revisão de literatura.

Abstract

This literature review was carried out in order to improve knowledge of the Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) in order to understand this condition and to expose the use of Anesthesiology in aid treatment of FLUTD, preserving the patient's condition. The FLUTD is a term used to describe vesicular and urethral disorders of cats characterized by hematuria, dysuria or anuria, stranguria, polyuria, oliguria, regardless of the cause. The FLUTD can be presented in forms obstructive and no obstructive, but it becomes more worrying when it is obstructive because in the long run, stops glomerular filtration. The occurrence of FLUTD is higher in young male animals, castrated, sedentary, obese related factors with diet, behavior and environment. Females are also affected, but in the no obstructive manner. It has multiple etiologies, but clinical signs are similar. In FLUTD urine becomes concentrated, with varying pH, proteinuria, hematuria and crystalluria, resulting in azotemia, hyperphosphatemia and metabolic acidosis. In cases of obstruction, occurs uremia and lack of regulation of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance. Even the simpler anesthetic techniques, may to cause physiological disorders in these animals. Patient assessment should be performed before any anesthesia and drugs should be used with caution and at lower dosages recommended. The safe and effective anesthesia has been constant source of research, always searching by maintaining the best anesthetic technique in order to decrease the chances of mortality. Then, the choice of anesthetic protocol in the animal with FLUTD is based on the knowledge of the cause of the disease, physiological changes, risks and benefits found in the technique chosen for each patient.