Influência dos macroelementos da dieta na formação dos urólitos de estruvita e oxalato de cálcio em gatos: revisão de literatura.

Abstract

Influence of Dietary Macroelements on the Formation of Struvite and Calcium Oxalate Urolytes in Cats: Literature Review. Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is one of the most common diseases in feline medical practice. Among the diseases of this complex, the urolithiases stand out due to their high incidence. Stress and nutrition most often promote it. Thus, the objective of this study was to present the influence of the main macroelements of the diet on the formation of struvite uroliths and calcium exalate in cats, since these are the most commonly found in the species. The cat is more likely to develop diseases of the lower urinary tract, due to the habit of drinking less water and to have as a consequence a more concentrated urine, so that a urinary pH can be established, conducive to the appearance of uroliths. Studies involving nutrition as a causative and preventive factor have been studied and the experiments involving the establishment of urinary pH through dietary macroelements have shown satisfactory results. The main macroelements are calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, chlorine, potassium and sulfur. These elements may contribute to the appearance of urolithiasis, but may also be important factors in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis, so that in the attempt of acid-base control, the organism provides excretion or reabsorption of these, thus altering the pH urinary. For a better understanding of these mechanisms, it is necessary to study organic acid-base control, since the influence of dietary macroelements on the formation of uroliths is based on this control that influences the pH of the urine. Although urinary pH has an important role in the onset of this disease, it will need to work together with other urinary components, so that sufficient urinary supersaturation occurs and then the formation of a urolith. Thus, the best way to prevent urolithiasis is dietary management in conjunction with environmental management that will decrease animal stress. The Veterinarian must understand the mechanisms of the formation of these uroliths and then understand how food can intervene in the prevention and treatment of the disease.