Medicação pré-anestésica em cadelas e gatas parturientes - revisão de literatura.

Abstract

Preanesthetic medication in parturient bitches and cats - literature review. The preanesthetic medication is surely a very important part in routine anesthesiological practice, since it is the initial step of any activity and manipulation in animals when their tranquility is required. Being such an important step, it is necessary, then, to have knowledge of safe and adequate anesthetic protocols for whatever it is the procedure. Studies on a preanesthetic medication in parturient cats and their neonate/s are quite scarce, bringing a valid concern to anesthesiologists. It is known that during a pregnancy occur considerables physiological changes in the pregnant, such as cardiocirculatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic and renal activities, and even the central nervous system. This makes it difficult to choose the drugs, since it is necessary a comprehensive knowledge of the pharmacology of these anesthetics, being always aware of the effects that it might happen to both the mother and the neonate/s. It is important to have this concern both with the mother and the fetus, because although the placenta is a protective fence for them, it does not prevent the passage of the medicines administered to the mother. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the newborns as soon as they are removed from the gravid uterus, being verified its parameters through the Apgar score, widely used in human medicine, and modified for the use in the veterinary medicine. Some studies show anesthetic protocols indicated and contraindicated in the anesthesia of the pregnant cat, which the most used in the preanesthetic medication are the opioids and the tranquilizers, being possible the association between them. This study aims to show which preanesthetic medications are most advisable for use in cesarean sections of bitches and cats.