Uso de poleiros artificiais na restauração de área degradada no Seridó da Paraíba.

Abstract

Use of artificial perches in the restoration of degraded area in the Seridó of Paraíba. Environmental desertification is caused by physical and anthropogenic factors, such as regional morphoclimatic conditions and inadequate agropastoral practices. Nuclear techniques, such as artificial perches, assist in the restoration of desertified areas through the dispersal of seeds by birds. In this way, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of artificial perches, arranged in different spacings, in the process of restoration of degraded area, in Seridó da Paraíba. The experiment was carried out at Fazenda Cachoeira de São Porfírio, located in the municipality of Várzea-PB, from July 2015 to June 2016. The design was in randomized blocks, with five treatments represented by different spacings between the perches: T1: (5,0m x 5,0m), T2: (10m x 10m), T3: (15m x 15m), T4: (20m x 20m) e T5: (Control). The rainfall of the study area was checked monthly; And seeds, excreta and miscellaneous, deposited in the perch collectors, were collected in paper bags and weighed in a precision scale. These seeds were sown in the forest nursery of the CSTR / UFCG, and identified through specific literature and assistance from experts in the field. The use of artificial perches by birds was evaluated through monthly visits to the study area. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. To compare the control treatment to the other treatments the Dunnett test was applied. During the experimental period, 1121 seeds were collected, and the months with the highest number of propagules were July (397) and August (367), 2015. For number and weight of seeds and excreta, the 20m x 20m spacing obtained the highest values. And the control treatment presented higher mean for miscellaneous. Twelve species of birds were identified on the perches, belonging to nine families and four orders, predominantly the order Passeriformes; and most birds (46.15%) are omnivorous. It is concluded that, the artificial perching nucleator technique is efficient in the restoration of degraded environments, accelerating the successional process and rescuing the environmental resilience, through the ecological interaction between open areas and forest fragments.