Caracterização do perfil lipídico da população atendida pelo Sistema Único de Saúde de Cuité - PB.

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, related to a number of metabolic risk factors, such as lipid profile, behavioral, and social and economic determinants. Northeastern Region in Brazil has seen an increase in cases due to specific characteristics of the region, such as geography and access to health services, with Paraíba ranking among the states with high mortality. Thus, the objective of the present paper was to characterize the lipid profile of the population of Cuité, in Paraíba, intending to discuss the social and economic aspects that may influence the diagnosis. This was a retrospective documental cross-sectional research, with analysis of 200 medical records of patients who used the Laboratório Municipal de Análises Clínicas for lipid profile tests in September 2021, 100 from rural and 100 from urban areas. The data were analyzed according to the frequency of classifications and the prevalence of low or high levels, with calculation of average, standard deviation, absolute and relative frequency and 95% confidence interval. The results classified the population of Cuité with undesirable cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides, but desirable HDL-C, characterizing it as a sedentary population. Older patients had lower cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C values, while hospitalized patients had higher cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides values, but lower HDL-C values, probably due to comorbidities. When checking the region of residence of the population, the rural population presented healthier values than the urban population, especially in relation to cholesterol. In the Urban Area, more than half of the patients seen in each Unidade Básica de Saúde presented high cholesterol, with the worst situation attributed to UBS Abílio Chacon Filho. Moreover, in the Rural Area, it was shown that the distance from the residence impaired the performance of tests, as well as modified the lipid profile. Among the rural regions, those more distant and without paved roads showed the worst percentages of high cholesterol and low HDL-C, while those with easier access to the urban center through paved roads showed the highest percentage of desirable HDL-C. Therefore, it is necessary to seek strategies that facilitate access to health services for the entire population and the prevention of cardiovascular risk, considering the specific characteristics of the region.