Deiscência de feridas operatórias em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias abdominais: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Introduction: Abdominal wound dehiscence is a common complication in postoperative patients, which interferes with the wound healing process, making it more time-consuming and requiring clinical or surgical intervention. Objectives: to review scientific evidence on the main prevention and management care in cases of surgical wound dehiscence in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methodology: this is an integrative literature review, with a qualitative approach. The search was carried out in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (BVS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Science Direct/Embase. Descriptors in English were used: Surgical wound dehiscence and Postoperative period, connected by the Boolean operator “AND”. As inclusion criteria, the articles should have been published in the last ten years, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, addressing the topic of surgical wound dehiscence in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. A total of 31 scientific articles were included in the sample. Results: studies of different types and populations were analyzed. Thus, the articles were categorized as follows: Category I – Measures to prevent abdominal dehiscence: controlling risk factors; Category II – Measures for the treatment of abdominal dehiscence: Subcategory 1 – Management with Negative Pressure Therapy (NPT) alone or combined with special dressings; Subcategory 2 – Management with covers that promote protection, absorption and drainage; Subcategory 3 – Management with the use of meshes, resutures and antibiotics; and Category III – Prevention and treatment of dehiscence: perioperative guidelines. Conclusion: it is necessary to provide guidelines for prevention during the preoperative period and to encourage self-care. There is no evidence indicating a standard wound dressing for dehiscence.