Caracterização dos atributos químicos e físicos de solos em diferentes sistemas de manejo no município de Conceição - PB.

Abstract

The soil is an important component of ecosystems. The use of the land for agricultural activities, using management techniques inadequate, has a high ability to degrade it. The objective of this work was to characterize physically and chemically the soils cultivated with agricultural crops and to compare them with the soil under caatinga. The experiment was developed during 2018, between the months of january and april, at the São José Farm, Conceição (PB). The research was carried out in productive systems commercially exploited, constituted by the cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.), beans (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) and the area of the caatinga. Samples were collected from the soil in every cultivation system and in the area under caatinga, in the depth of 0-20 cm, totaling 20 samples in each area. The soil samples were sent to the Soil and Water Labotatory, Centre and Technology Rural/UFCG, Campus of Patos, for analysis. We determined the pH, the levels of phosphorus, sodium, potassium, hydrogen + aluminum, calcium and magnesium. The attribute physical soil analyzed was the texture, where it was held the grain size of each sample and soon after was made the classification of textural of the same. The results allowed to conclude that it is urgent actions in order to correct the levels of sodium in areas where they are being cultivated beans, sweet potato and corn; is necessary to the realization of the analysis of the water that is being used in the irrigation of crops; there is a need of the farmer of the São José Farm perform chemical analysis of the soil and its correct interpretation for a correct management and/or deployment of future agricultural areas and the analysis of other physical attributes of the soil, such as density, water infiltration, porosity, resistance to penetration, among others, is necessary for a better understanding of the soil.