Uso de geotecnologias na locação de torres para detecção de incêndios florestais.

Abstract

The SIG's are a great tool for deployment of towers for fire detection, they allow the manipulation of large volumes of information. In this sense the objective of this study was to identify and generate a map of risk of forest fires, use this information to identify the ideal locations for deployment of watchtowers against wildfires and ultimately evaluate the potential of GIS (IDRISI Andes v . 15.0) for the proposed methodology. The study was conducted in the watershed of the Saco River in the city of Santa Luzia - PB. We used the IDRISI Andes software (Version 15.0) and AutoCAD 2010, 2005 GLS satellite images from Landsat-5, sensor TM and ETM, ResourceSat, sensor "LIS3" and Digital Elevation Model ASTER GDEM project. The plans were generated maps of slope, land use and vegetation cover, orientation of slopes, altitude, temperature, precipitation and potential fire hazard, which was correlated with the dimensions of higher altitude and proximity to roads for allocation of the towers. The results showed that the three classes of higher risk of fires, when added their coverage areas totaled 5863.1 ha (61.64%), with the area of high potential risk of fire. Now with regard to the lease of the towers, the tower 1 (T1) provided greater viewing (41.2%) of the areas of high risk, very high and extreme on the other towers individually. Already dealing with two towers simultaneous combination with the highest viewing area was T1 + T5 (74.9%), with a gain of 20% compared to the deployment of T1 only. The results reflect successful methodology in determining the ideal locations for installation of watchtowers against forest fires, satisfactorily meeting the proposed objectives, allowing the indication of the methodological procedures adopted in other areas of the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil with characteristics similar to the physiographic area evaluated this research. The use of GIS was satisfactory, since their routines were able to meet, quickly need in all procedures required for the job.