Recuperação de área degradada em mineradora de vermiculita no Semiárido da Paraíba.

Abstract

Ore mining is a high economic socio-expressive activity in the semiarid region, among these actions the exploration of vermiculite. However they generate large amounts of co-products, producing around 70-80% of co-products accumulated in patios and areas of the caatinga. By this way this research aims to recover areas degraded by the deposition of mining coproductions in the semiarid region of Paraiba with native tree species of the caatinga.The research was carried out in the area of deposition of vermiculite coproduction of the mining area of Pedra Lavrada in Santa Luzia – PB. The seedings were produced in UFCG’s forest nursery, Patos-PB The experiment was installed in DBC with 08 (eight) treatments with different species: Angico (Anadenanthera colubrina), Aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva), Cumaru (Amburana cearensis), Faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius), Mofumbo (Combretum leprosum), Mulungu (Erythrina velutina), Pau-ferro (Caesalpinea ferrea) e Sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia), 03 (three) repetitions, and parcels with 03 (three) individuals of the same species in the useful area, 01 (one) surrounds each side and spacing between 3mX3m plants. The behavior of the species was evaluated, the height, the diameter of the collect and the number of leaves for 180 days. In the post-planting period, in the substrate, the behavior of the species in the field was differentiated: The Angico and the Mofumbo have shown themselves to be more sensitive and the Pau-ferro and Aroeira more tolerant to the climatic adversities of the region. In the area of deposition of vermiculite coproduction. Over the months native species have not demonstrated significant variation for their heights and diameters, due to the facts of the low rainfall in the period, that the area was not irrigated and yet the evaluation refers to an initial phase of adaptation of the plants. But the number of leaves was significantly higher from January to June and at least from August to December, confirming the intense senescence, even in the early stages of growth. The Angico from June 2015, did not survive, with regard to the number of leaves the Pau-ferro and the Aroeira kept leaves for a greater number of months, followed by Mofumbo, Sabia and Faveleira, despite the replacement of species, in March 2016, the behavior emained the same and the species Pau-ferro and Aroeira stood out from others in relation to the maintenance of leaves under such substrate conditions and in the semiaridity.