Fios ortodônticos, propriedades microestruturais e aplicações clínicas: visão geral.

Abstract

Orthodontic wires, microstructural properties and clinical applications: an overview. The technological evolution of orthodontic wires is essential for improvement of Orthodontics and recently, enormous progress has been achieved in relation to the development of new alloys, the manufacturing control and mechanical excellence of process threads. Despite the large number of brands available in the market, the most commonly used orthodontic wires are distributed into four basic groups of alloys, which are: stainless steel, alloys of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) and its variations during the manufacturing process (superelastic, thermodynamic and with addition of copper), the beta-titanium alloys and aesthetic composites, launched in the market. A broad knowledge of the mechanical properties of orthodontic wires is essential, and your selection should be made according to their behavior. Some characteristics, such as high flexibility and good elastic recovery, are essential for a purpose of stimulating a suitable tissue response and promote light and continuous forces. So, it is essential to know the mechanical orthodontists and composition of the yarn properties, so they can make the best choice for clinical application. This review brings some concepts about the microstructural properties of metal wires approach, emphasizing regarding indications and clinical applications in orthodontics. Scientific articles, books and monographs, which deal with the proposed theme and were written in Portuguese or in English were selected. It is concluded that no material used in wires composition gives simultaneously all the necessary requirements to qualify as an ideal wire, but the best results are achieved using specific wires to address specific problems.