Ler o Por Marx: a invenção de uma cultura política marxista para a França na obra de Louis Althusser (1960-1965).

Abstract

The following work seeks to make a reading of the book For Marx by the French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser, published in 1965 – in it texts written by the author between 1960 and the year of publication were compiled. Our reading benefits from the methodology of ethnographic visits to the modern laboratories of the French anthropologist Bruno Latour. In this methodology, the production of scientific facts is put to the test in the same way as the other sociotechnical rituals of the socalled premodern cultures. We take into account a scenario of "crisis" for Marxism, in which Communist Parties across the globe sought ways to innovate, thus creating the necessary conditions to overcome the obstacles revealed by the denunciation of the socalled "Stalin's crimes", carried out at the XXth CPSU Congress. Given this historical context, we categorize the texts of Por Marx in three axes, which lead us, respectively, to the problem of Marx's path, to the discovery of overdetermination in the contradiction of materialist dialectics, guaranteed by the epistemological break from a Bachelardian tradition, and to the polemic of the theoretical antihumanism. Finally, we survey the role these texts played in Althusser's personal struggle against the crisis of Marxism in his country, France, and in his Communist Party.