Avaliação de características de adaptabilidade de caprinos exóticos e nativos no Semi-Árido Paraibano.

Abstract

The experiments were accomplished in the Experimental Station of Pendência, belonging to the Company of Agricultural Research of Paraíba SA. at that time hotter of the year and the laboratologics analyses were accomplished at the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of the Veterinary Hospital, University Federal of Campina Grande, with objective of evaluating the adaptability characteristics of goats exotic and native in the Semi-arid paraibano. For the experiments 40 goats females of the breed were used: Boer, Savanna, Anglo-Nubiana (exotic) and Moxotó (native), being 10 animals of each breed, with medium age of five months, alloted in completely radomized design in portions subdivided in the time with the main treatments constituted by the breeds (Boer, Savanna, Anglo-Nubiana and Moxotó) and the secondary ones for the shifts (morning and afternoon) with 10 repetitions, maids in semi-intensive system. The environmental variables were registered daily to the 9:00 and the 15:00 hours with aid of thermometers of: maxim and low temperatures, dry bulb and humid bulb and of black and certain globe the index of temperature of the black globe and humidity (BGHI) in the shadow and in the sun. In the first experiment shift effect was verified (P <0,05) for all the environmental variables and physiologic parameters, being the largest averages observed in the shift of the afternoon. For the physiologic parameters TR and TS there was significant interaction (P <0,05) between the factors breeds and shifts. As for the Index of Tolerance to the Heat (ITC) there was not significant difference (P>0,05) among the breeds. For the second experiment the animales were distributed in completely radomized design, with the treatments constituted by the breeds: Boer, Savana, Anglo-Nubiana and Moxotó, with 10 repetitions. The variance analysis revealed effect of breed for the hematological parameters: erythrocyte, hematócrit and hemoglobin. For the erythrocyte number there was significant difference (P <0,05) among the breeds Savana, Anglo-Nubiana and Moxotó, but the Boer race didn't differ (P>0,05) in relation to the breeds Savana and Anglo-Nubiana. There was significant effect (P <0,05) for the variable leukocyte among the breeds Moxotó and savana, tends presented Moxotó the largest average and Savana to smallest. In the third experiment significant interaction was observed between breed and shift, for the rectal and superficial temperatures. Regarding the breathing frequency significant interaction was not observed between races and shift. For evaluation estereologic of the tegument were completely radomized design, with four treatments and three repetitions. The breed Anglo-Nubiana it presented the smallest number of follicles pilosos differing of the races Savanna and Moxotó that presented the largest averages, however these didn't differ estatisticamente of the Boer breed. The breed Anglo-Nubiana it presented larger number of glands sudoríparas in relation to the other breed. For the number of glands sebáceas the breed Savanna presented superior average to the others. In the experimental conditions all of the breeds demonstrated be well adapted fisiologicamente to the climatic conditions of the Semi-arid and they present the same degree of tolerance to the heat. However, the need of other works is evidenced involving the subject, once physiologic variation can exist, aid exists or to interfere with the loss of heat for the evaporation.