Ação antiparasitária de plantas medicinais da Amazônia Ocidental sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos: prospecção fitoquímica, potencial antihelmíntico e análise toxicológica.

Abstract

The first chapter aimed to identify, document and analyze phytotherapeutic knowledge in the treatment of animal diseases, as well as the use of medicinal plant species in the rural community of Pólo Hélio Pimenta, km 19 of the city of Porto Acre - Acre / AC, Brazil. Sixty families from the community were interviewed and a structured questionnaire was used for the study. The results obtained in this study indicated 43 species of medicinal plants. The consensus informant factor (IFC) showed that the digestive category presented the highest values, and that the problems with endoparasites (anthelmintic) stood out with the highest number of indications. The value of one species per informant (UV) shows a direct correlation with the IFC where the plant species most cited by the informant are grouped in the highest indication categories. Regarding the animal species, dogs and cats were the most reported. The second and third chapter had as proposal to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of ethanolic extracts of C. guianensis and U. guianensis on gastrointestinal nematodes of naturally infected sheep. Crossbred sheep were administered orally 10 mL of root extract (1.06 mg / mL) and C. guianensis stem (0.34 mg / mL) on days of treatment (0,1,2,3,15 , 16,17,18) and root (0.57mg / mL and 1.14mg / mL) and stem (1.25mg / mL and 2.5mg / mL) of U. guianensis on days of treatment (0,7,14 , 21.28). For each treatment group, nine animals were used for C. guianensis, five animals for U. guianensis and five animals for the control group. The results show that there was a reduction in the numbers of eggs per gram of faeces (OPG) in the groups treated with C. guianensis and in the U. guianensis root at the concentration of 1.14mg / mL. Regarding the number of third instar larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes recovered from sheep after treatment observed that the animals treated with C. guianensis presented a reduction in the percentage of larvae of 70 and 55% for root and stem. With respect to the group of U. guianensis, the animals treated with closantel, root (1.14mg / mL) and stem (1.25mg / mL) were statistically different (p􀞒0,05%) from the other treatments presenting 68% , 68% and 86% respectively of reduction in the number of larvae. Thus, we conclude that C. guianeneis and U. guianensis have antihelmintic activity on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, thus being a good alternative in the control of endoparasites in the Western Amazon.