Aspectos epidemiológicos da toxoplasmose em suínos e galinhas de criações domésticas no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil: soroprevalência e fatores de risco, isolamento e genotipagem de Toxoplasma gondii.

Abstract

The prevalence of infection and the strains of T. gondii in chickens and pigs vary according to the region studied. In the state of Paraíba a little is known about the prevalence and genotypes of T. gondii that circulate in these animals. Therefore, this study aimed to perform serology, isolation and genotyping of T. gondii from pigs and chickens from the state of Paraiba, Brazil. Blood samples from 483 chickens and 120 pigs were collected. In these blood samples, the Indirect Fluorescente Antibody Test (IFAT) was performed for anti-T. gondii antibodies. For positive animals it was accomplished the mouse bioassay for isolation of the parasite. In the isolated obtained, PRC-RFLP genotyping was performed using 12 markers: SAG1, SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L258, PK1, CS3 e Apico. In chickens, it was observed the prevalence of 31.5% (152/483) for T. gondii and regarding the 71 animals submitted to the bioassay, 33 (46.5%) were isolated. In pigs, it was verified 12.5% (15/120) of the positive animals in the IFAT and it was possible to isolate the parasite in 80% (12/15) of the bioassays performed. It was possible to reveal the complete genotypes in 30 of the 33 isolates of chickens submitted to genotyping. Nine genotypes were identified, from these; three were identified as novel in six isolates. In the pig’s evaluation, 12 isolates from this research were used, and also 13 isolates from previous studies. It was obteined the complete genotype from 19 isolates that were arranged in 12 genotypes, three of them unpublished. In both genotypes of pigs and chickens, the genotype # 013 was the most frequent. It was not observed in any clonal type I, II and III. It was observed the genotypes BrIII, # 13, # 116 and three unpublished genotypes present in pigs and chickens. It can be concluded that the prevalence of T. gondii in chickens and pigs is high in the state of Paraiba. The genetic diversity of the parasite is also high and there are genotypes that often circulate among pigs and chickens in the state of Paraiba.