Sensibilidade dos nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos e ovinos a anti-helmínticos na Mesorregião do Sertão Paraibano.

Abstract

Gastrointestinal helminthic infestations are a prominent sanitary issue in modern small ruminant production, and new challenges for its control arise continuously due to the development of resistance to anthelminthic drugs. The present study had the objective to verify the response of goat and sheep gastrointestinal nematodes to conventional and alternative anti-helminthic drugs. A total of 120 male and female goats were divided in 5 groups of 24 animals (12 males and 12 females). The same type of group division was done with 120 male and female sheep. The animals of each goat or sheep group received the same anti-helminthic drug: four of the groups received four conventional drugs (moxidectina 0,2% (Cydectin®), albendazole (Farmazole®), levamisole chloridrate (Ripercol®), ivermectina ((Ivomec®), and the remaining one was treated with Operculina hamiltonii extract. Drug efficiency was evaluated through the reduction in the number of eggs per gram of feces (RCOF) and larvalculture. Feces samples were collected just after, seven, 14 e 21 days after drug administration. At day one, all goat feces samples showed helminths of the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea. Moxidectin treated female goats showed a reduction of 92.8%, 88.7% and 89.8% in the number of Trichostrongyloidea eggs at day seven, 14 and 21, respectively, while male goat equivalent values were 92.6%, 96.2% and 98.1%. Albendazol treated female goats showed a RCOF of 65.0%, 60.3% and 75.4% at day seven, 14 and 21, respectively, while male values were 88.8%, 88.8% and 55.5%, respectively. Levamisol RCOF were 96.0%, 97.1% and 91.0% in female goats, at day seven, 14 and 21, respectively, while male values were 85.7%, 94.2% and 100%, respectively. Female Goats treated with ivermectin reduced Trichostrongyloidea eggs by 92.2%, 68.6% and 70.6% at day seven, 14 and 21, respectively, while in male goats the respective values were 41.7%, 73.6% and 59.7%. For Operculina hamiltonii extract the values for female goats were 31,8%, 34,1% and 49,4%, at day seven, 14 and 21, respectively, and 61.5%, 80.7% and 50.0% for males. In larvalculture test, Haemonchus spp., Bunostomum sp., Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. were identified even after treatments. Moxidectin treated female sheep showed a 100% RCOF, while the males showed a RCOF of 68.2%, 78.5% and 68.2% at day seven, 14 and 21, respectively. For albendazol treated female sheep, RCOF values were 75.0%, 84.0% and 89.2% at day seven, 14 and 21, respectively, while for males the respective values were 68.1%, 63.6% and 75.0%. Levamisol RCOF values for female sheep were 99.2%, 97.6% and 96.0% respectively for day seven, 14 and 21, and, respectively, 75.0%, 100% and 91.7% for males. Female sheep treated with ivermectin showed a RCOF of 82.3%, 82.3% and 94.0% for day seven, 14 and 21, respectively, and, respectively, 79.4%, 56.4% and 51.3% for males. For Operculina hamiltonii extract the RCOF values for female sheep were 74.2%, 66.7% and 57.5%, respectively for day seven, 14 and 21, and, respectively, 41.0%, 47.0% and 47.0% for males. Larvalculture identified Haemonchus spp., followed by Oesophagostomum spp., Bunostomum sp. and Cooperia spp. after treatments.