Distúrbios e sistema digestório em bovinos na Paraíba e Intoxicações por plantas em ruminantes e equídeos no Estado de Sergipe.

Abstract

In the first chapter we describe the epidemiological aspects and the clinical-pathological changes of the digestive change in six cattle fed with Agave sisalana. The herd consisted of 22 adult animals, raised in a semiextensive system, which, due to the scarcity of forage, received in the trough, almost exclusively, for two months the A. sisalana stem cut manually. One animal referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, showed with a presumptive diagnosis of ruminal compaction and intestinal obstruction. On the second day of hospitalization, the animal died. The necropsy showed rumen, reticulum and omaso replete, with fibrous content and resected constituted by A. sisalana fibers. In all the pre-stomachs and in the abomasum there were phytobezoars measuring 4-12 cm in diameter. In the duodenum a phytobezoar partially obstructed the light of the organ, with the anterior portion filled with content and the later empty. It is concluded that feeding with stems of A. sisalana for long periods causes composting of pre-stomachs and formation of phytobezoars. The second chapter describes a survey on toxic plants for ruminants and equidae, carried out between 2015 and 2016 in the state of Sergipe. The survey was carried out in 16 municipalities in the state of Sergipe, covering the three mesoregions of the state: litoral, agreste and sertão, applying a questionnaire to 32 farmers and 10 veterinarians about the occurrence of toxic plant poisonings. According to the survey respondents reported 20 toxic plants. The third chapter describes an outbreak of megaesophagus and esophageal muscle degeneration in cattle, which occurred in a farm in the municipality of Ibiara, state of Paraíba, with 12 deaths. Six animals recovered. Clinical signs were apathy, salivation, decreased ruminal movements, weight loss, diarrhea, and regurgitation. Two animals were necropsied. The esophagus was diffusely dilated and with pale areas. Histology revealed degeneration and diffuse and severe segmental necrosis of the esophageal muscle tunica, in addition to marked inflammatory reaction of mononuclear cells. Epidemiological data suggest that cases are related to a toxic plant. New research is needed to determinate the etiology of the disease.