Doenças do sistema locomotor de equídeos na rotina clínica do Hospital Veterinário da UFCG.

Abstract

The dissertation includes two articles related to diseases of the locomotor system. The first refers to a retrospective study of diseases of the equidae locomotor system treated at the University Veterinary Hospital “Prof. Dr. Ivon Macedo Tabosa” of the Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia rural at the Federal University of Campina Grande (HVU/ CSTR/ UFCG), Patos – PB, between the periods of August 2009 to July 2019. A review of 1.052 medical records was performed, where the inclusion criteria were the cases of injuries of the locomotor system or that caused lameness, to determine the prevalence of these injuries, their etiologies and predisposing factors in different age categories and performed activities. Therefore, the cases were divided into 4 groups: adults of sports, work and leisure and young, under 3 years. The Casuistry, the affected limbs and the occurrence of these injuries by group, beyond the number of deaths, were submitted to an analysis of significance and risk of occurrence, through the Chi-Square (X2) Test and a point and interval estimate of the Odds Ratio (OR). It was observed a greater chance of pelvic limb involvement in the leisure group and of the thoracic and pelvic limb in the sport group. Among the structures of the locomotor system, the frequency of ligament injuries was low in the young group, and high in the sports group. Joint injuries were at higher risk for young. In this group, hoof injuries presented a low risk of occurrence, such as wounds and pythiosis, which caused lameness, in sport group. Concerning the outcome of the cases, 104 (9,9%) deaths occurred, with high risk in animals with bone injuries, prevailing long bone fractures (59/104 - 56,73%), and spine injuries, especially in young equidae. Among animals with tendon injuries, the risk of death was low. In the second article, five cases of horses treated at HVU/ CSTR/ UFCG were reported, with injuries to the extensor tendons in the radiocarpal region. The objective was to characterize its clinical and ultrasound aspects for diagnostic purposes, since there are few current reports in the literature, especially regarding ultrasound images. Two reported cases involved the common digital extensor muscle tendon, with acute and chronic tenosynovitis lesions, and three involving the radial carpal extensor muscle tendon, with tendinitis, septic tenosynovitis, and rupture. It is concluded that age and type of activity exerted have direct impact on the prevalence of injuries in the locomotor system. Although most were traumatic etiology, inadequate management had an important influence. Currently, injuries to extensor tendons are rarely reported in the literature, especially regarding ultrasound images, essential for the diagnosis and adequate treatment.