Situação epidemiológica da infecção pelo vírus da estomatite vesicular em bovinos no estado da Paraíba.

Abstract

This study focused on estimating the herd-level and animal-level prevalences, and identifying the risk factors associated with herd-level prevalence for vesicular stomatitis in bovines in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil, as well as to perform a literature review on the situation of the disease in Brazil. The state was divided into three sampling groups: sampling stratum 1 (mesoregion of Sertão), sampling stratum 2 (mesoregion of Borborema), and sampling stratum 3 (mesoregions of Zona da Mata and Agreste). For each sampling stratum, herd-level and animal-level prevalences were estimated by a two-stage sampling survey. In the first stage, a pre-established number of herds (primary sampling units) were randomly selected; in the second stage, a preestablished number of cows aged ≥ 24 months were randomly selected (secondary sampling units). Ten animals were sampled in herds with up to 99 cows aged over 24 months; 15 animals were sampled in herds with 100 or more cows aged over 24 months; and all animals were sampled in those with up to 10 cows aged over 24 months. In total, 2279 animals were sampled from 468 herds. Serological diagnosis was performed by virus neutralization. A herd was considered positive for VSV if it included at least one positive animal in herds of up to 10 females, two positive animals in herds of 11-99 females, and three positive in herds with more than 99 females. The herd level prevalence in the State of Paraíba was 38.5% (95% CI = 35.5-41.6%), 80.6% (95% CI = 73.6-86.2%) in the region of Sertão, 7.0% (95% CI = 3.9-12.2%) in Borborema, and 2.6% (95% CI = 1.0-6.7%) in Agreste/Zona da Mata. The animal-level prevalence was 26.2% (95% CI = 20.6-32.8%) in the State of Paraíba, 48.2% (95% CI = 41.5-54.9%) in Sertão, 6.3% (95% CI = 2.7-14%) in the region of Borborema, and 1.9% (95% CI = 0.4-8.4%) in Agreste/Zona da Mata. The risk factors identified were as follows: The risk factors identified were as follows: mixed production (milk/beef) (OR = 3.86), herd size > 23 animals (OR = 3.40), presence of cervids (OR = 8.54), rental of pastures (OR = 2.60) and sharing of water sources (OR = 2.36). Two significant groups of positive herds were detected in the Sertão and Borborema mesoregions. The results indicate high VSV circulation in the bovine population of the state of Paraíba, semi-arid region of Brazil, mainly in the Sertão mesoregion, in which the highest prevalences of properties and animals were observed, as well as agglomerates of positive properties were identified. Based on the analysis of risk factors, it is suggested the discouragement of pasture rental practices and the sharing of water sources due to the possibility of the presence of VSIV present in the environment contaminated with susceptible animals.