Avaliação da segurança da água de abastecimento por soluções alternativas na zona rural de Campina Grande-PB.

Abstract

Water is undoubtedly the most widely consumed good in the world and an indispensable resource for the development of life on earth, the existence of water in quantity and sufficient quality is linked directly to public health maintenance. The objective of this work is to evaluate the quality of water used for human consumption in the rural area of Campina Grande - PB, as well as the sanitation conditions that could generate potential health risks for the population living in these areas, through water contamination. We analyzed the collective and individual alternative supply solutions (SAC and SAI), from adduction to reservation in the residences. To this end, the basics of the Water Safety Plan were used as the basis for the study and through it was possible to adapt the methodological tools for risk assessment and management. Monitoring of minimum water quality indicators was carried out in accordance with Ministry of Health Consolidation Ordinance Nº 5 of 2017, using 10 sampling points, 5 of cisterns and 5 of trucks. Physical-chemical and microbiological results showed that the waters were unfit for human consumption. Subsequently, the product and process risk analysis was performed by the FMEA method, which allowed to list and evaluate the main risks of failures and their effects. The presence of Escherichia coli, the presence of total coliforms, low concentration of CRL (free residual chlorine) and high apparent color were the main hazards to the product (water) after classification of the risk priority level. Process was the absence of reclaiming in the water consumption reservoir. In the end, deficiencies were identified in the supply system for alternative solutions and proposed safety measures such as the adoption of the principle of multiple barriers, creation of PSA community team, implementation of optimization protocols in water treatment and periodic reports.