Bloqueio dos principais nervos da cabeça do cão: aspectos neuroanatômico, farmacológico e técnico.

Abstract

The local lock is a technique that is in increasing rise in veterinary medicine, but still faces some obstacles, often because the anesthetist has complete safety of anatomy and best techniques to be employed . This regional block used palliative surgery with general anesthesia and inhalation , has been important in high-risk patients , reducing the use of drugs that depress the nervous system and minimizing complications during trans and postoperative . Local anesthetics cause loss of pain sensitivity and reduce inflammation, reducing animal stress. Lidocaine and bupivacaine are commonly used in veterinary medicine for promoting a good latency and good period of action, respectively. Lidocaine , for example, is antiarrhythmic , has a moderate fat solubility , pKa 7.7 percent protein binding and about 64 % bupivacaine already shows a high lipid solubility , pKa 8.1 and a high affinity to plasma proteins , about 95%. For these and other pharmacological characteristics of the association of these anesthetics is becoming increasingly common in routine anesthetic. Ophthalmic and dental procedures are performed routinely in veterinary medicine, this requires knowledge about the neuroanatomical origin of nerve function and its innervation area. In the dog, the ophthalmic nerve, n. lacrimal n. zygomatic, n. jaw, n. infraorbital,, and n mandible inferior alveolar nerve fibers region guaranteeing the eyeball, skin , lips , teeth, tongue, nose , mandible and maxilla , or block these nerve desensitizing almost totally the animal's head . With the lock perineural can desensitize the area surrounding the nerve. After being injected, the local anesthetic will migrate and prevent the generation of nerve impulses. This review could gather information about the local anesthetics used in veterinary medicine and its pharmacological characteristics, neuroanatomical aspects of the animal's head region and regional blocks more employees to desensitize the area. The study aimed to facilitate the choice of block techniques are more conducive to certain surgical procedures, as well as make them more routine in veterinary anesthesiology.