Complicações graves decorrentes do uso de anestésicos locais na prática odontológica: uma revisão de literatura.

Abstract

Serious complications arising from the use of local anesthetics in dental practice: a literature review. Systemic complications may rarely occur in dental surgical procedures. Local anesthetics when administered in quantity to produce excess serum concentrations can trigger toxic reactions. At high levels in the plasma, they cause varied signs and symptoms for the patient, where the most frequent serious systemic reactions are allergic, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and hemotoxicity. It is known that although the local anesthetic solutions are the most commonly used drugs in dentistry practice and present a large margin of safety, its allergic and toxic effects can lead to situations of extreme gravity and even fatal cases. Thus, it was perceived the importance of providing scientific basis in order to give the dental surgeon knowledge about the main causes of the adverse effects as well as the greater complications due to the use of such drug in his daily life. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, qualitative and bibliographic study, through the search of scientific literature found in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature database (LILACS ), In the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) database, in Academical Google, CAPES Periodicals Portal, PubMed and related books. The present study aims to identify the serious complications resulting from the use of local anesthetics in the dental surgical practice, evidencing toxic and allergic reactions as the main agents in the cause of such adverse situations. Although the major complications resulting from the use of local anesthetics are rare, they may occur, and the understanding of the main causes are essential to minimize the risks of using these drugs to patients who have or do not have any limiting health condition.