Avaliação do desempenho higrotérmico em habitações de interesse social em Campina Grande.

Abstract

The one-family habitations of social interest of the Paraíba State Popular Habitation Company are generally constructed disconsidering the microclimate of the place, the proper materials, and the customs of the habitants, causing thermal and acoustic discomfort and poor illumination. The problem detected in habitations of social interest in Campina Grande is related mainly with thermal discomfort. The purpose of this work is, thus, to evaluate the external and internal ambient conditions of these habitations. For the accomplishment of this study, two habitations were selected from the verification of the typology and the materials of construction. The houses have similar internal layout and dimensions: a total area of about 35m2, main facades oriented to Southeast, and they are both inhabited by two people. For the collecting of the data, air humidity and temperature readings have been done using Mircodatalogger MDL model 202. The collections were made simultaneously in internal and external environments during rain and drought period. The analysis of the information demonstrated that concrete blocks have low resistance to the passage of external heat and humidity, causing temperature to rise inside the building. Direct solar radiation in such habitation modifies the internal temperature quickly. The tests in the ceramic bricks habitation demonstrated that these bricks have steadier temperatures by cushioning heat passage. With regard to comfort sensation established by NBR 6401, the brick wall habitation keeps temperature steadier and with more hours of comfort. Finally, it is concluded that high temperatures and low relative humidity of the air in the interior of the habitations are also due to accumulation of heat caused by the roof, to the absence of lining, to the reduced height of the house, to the short eaves and to the vicinities of the place.