Intoxicações por anti-helmínticos em pequenos ruminantes: considerações clínicas e hematobioquímicas da sobredosagem de nitroxinil em caprinos hígidos.

Abstract

Given the need to explore the clinicopathological aspects of overdose by synthetic anthelmintic, this dissertation presents in the prelude a systematic review with relevant information about the cases of anthelmintic intoxication in goats and sheep., Then, through a prospective study, it evaluated the clinical and laboratory parameters of the experimental administration of the therapeutic dose and overdoses of 34% nitroxinil in healthy goats in simulated intensive and semiintensive regimens. The search of primary studies for the systematic review was carried out in five electronic databases: Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO. The search terms used were: (Antihelmintic OR Antiparasitic OR Vermifuge) AND (poisoning OR toxicity OR overdose OR intoxication) AND (Goat OR Sheep). Twentyeight articles were included for the elaboration of the systematic review and they described cases of intoxication by twelve drugs, namely: albendazole (2), closantel (14), disophenol (1), ivermectin (1), levamisole (2), moxidectin (1), netobimin (1), nitroxynil (1), oxfendazole (2), parbendazole (2), tetramizole (1) and Thiabendazole (1). The data obtained from this review reinforce the care that must be applied to use these drugs safely in an attempt to avoid intoxication. In continuation of this dissertation, a prospective randomized controlled clinical study with twelve goats distributed in two experimental groups, GR (rest group) and GE (exercise group) was performed. Therefore, doses ranging from 10 to 50 mg/kg of Nitroxinil 34% were administered subcutaneously in a single dose. Clinical changes were observed in animals that received 3, 4 and 5 times the therapeutic dose (xDT). One death was recorded in the animal that received 5xDT from the GR with marked signs of apathy tachypnea, anorexia and recumbency. Regarding the hematological parameters, a leukocytosis with neutrophilia associated with lymphopenia was evident. As for the biochemical parameters, a possible picture of acute renal azotemia associated with hypoglycemia, strong acidbase imbalance and progressive muscle degeneration proportional to the dose of nitroxinil was observed. Nitroxinil demonstrated relevant potential to cause serious clinical, blood gas and hematobiochemical changes when administered five times the therapeutic dose in healthy goats.