Uso de água residuária tratada na agricultura no contexto da economia circular: uma revisão sistemática da literatura.

Abstract

Water is an indispensable resource for the economic and social development of a country. The use of this resource is linked to various activities such as food production, product generation and activities performed by man for his survival. The disorderly population growth causes an increase in the use of water resources, since more people demand water, food, and products to meet their needs. As a way to mitigate the impacts caused by population growth and its consequences on water resources, in recent years there have been several studies on the use of treated effluent in agriculture. This paper aimed to conduct an investigation, through a Systematic Literature Review, on the use of treated wastewater in agriculture with the application of circular economy to contribute to the advancement of SDG 6. This work is characterized as a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The systematic review is a model of scientific methodology that aims to make a systematic survey of scientific papers in a planned and controlled way. The papers on the use of wastewater in agriculture were selected by means of inclusion criteria, only papers in the Portuguese language published between the years 2018 and 2022 were used, which were searched in Brazilian databases, such as the Capes Periodical Portal, Google Academic and Scielo. Twenty-nine papers were chosen according to the proposed theme and the objectives to be achieved in this research. The qualitative-quantitative method was used for analysis, as a way of obtaining clear and reliable results for discussion. About 86% of the analyzed works presented satisfactory results, regarding the use of treated effluent in agriculture, with the optimum development of the cultures under the conditions submitted to irrigation. The 29 works brought different objectives and were carried out with different cultures, types of effluents, different forms of treatment and in different regions, which, in their majority, obtained positive results, showing that for this purpose the water can be used in a cycle and in a sustainable way.