Prevenção e cuidado de lesão por pressão relacionado a dispositivo médico: uma revisão de literatura.

Abstract

Pressure injury is localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissues, usually along a bony prominence or related to a medical or other device. In the classification of this type of injury, in 2016 some categories were added, among them, the pressure injury related to the medical device, which occurs in patients using devices such as tubes, probes, catheters and drains. Objective: This research aims to summarize available research on prevention and care of patients with medical device-related pressure injuries. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review that was carried out in six stages: 1st selection of the theme and guiding question – How does the literature approach prevention and care of patients with pressure injuries related to medical devices?; 2nd designation of criteria for inclusion and exclusion – the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) were “Nursing care” and “Pressure injury” and “Medical device”, and the search was carried out on the National Library of Medicine (OubMed) data platforms, Usiness Suurce Complete (ESBCO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Science and Health (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). For the selection of the sample, inclusion and exclusion criteria were used: being an original study; electronically published in full; in article format, in all languages in the time frame from 2016 to March 2022, which addressed in the title or abstract the words: pressure ulcer/injury and medical devices. Letters, editorials, theses, dissertations, monographs, books, works not related to the study or that did not answer the guiding question of this research and duplicate productions in the databases were excluded. Results: The sample consisted of 10 articles, most of which are in the English language. The studies were divided into two categories: Main factors that contribute to the emergence of LPP related to the use of medical devices: being the length of stay, which ends up spending more time with the devices, and advanced age. The studies showed that the main medical devices that are predisposed to causing injury are: indwelling urinary catheter, nasal catheter, orotracheal tube and nasogastric tube. Main prevention and care measures for PI related to the use of a medical device: apply materials that protect the skin such as silicones, hydrocolloid and protective foams between the hard surface and the skin, and care is also taken, such as: properly fixing the devices and rotation of members. Conclusion: The research shows the importance of this type of injury, with emphasis on prevention and care, in order to arouse in professionals the interest in creating protocols that can guide quality care, as well as the need to develop more studies on the subject.