Plataforma computacional integrada para modelagem hidrológica e hidrodinâmica com dados geoespaciais.

Abstract

Technological advances, in particular the growing increase in computer processing power and the diffusion of remote sensing through geospatial data, allowed the development of robust, efficient and practical hydrological models, creating indispensable tools for decision making. These tools have contributed to increasing the efficiency of the management and regulation of water resources. Traditionally, hydrodynamic modeling software disseminated in the academic environment uses formulations of hydrology and hydraulics, imposing the use of two or more applications in analyzes aimed at decision making. Considering the time spent in learning and applying these software, in addition to the numerous problems generated in the connections and intertwining of the generated information, it becomes feasible to create an application that integrates geospatial data with hydrodynamic models. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop software that allows the operation of hydrological and hydrodynamic models with geospatial data. For this purpose, in the creation of the computational algorithm, the programming language MATLAB (MATrix LABoratory) was used because it has a range of tools, toolboxes that allow performing numerous mathematical operations. The software built processes the numerical model of the terrain to extract the physical parameters of the watershed. It makes it possible to calculate the concentration time and estimate the design rain by applying the classical equation of heavy rains. The determination of the project hydrograph is performed using the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) triangular synthetic unit hydrograph methods. The hydrodynamic functions allow the dimensioning of water devices and simulation of the flood wave in natural or artificial channels. Two options are presented to the operator, application of the Manning equation or the Muskingum method. By applying Manning, it is possible to choose a model that neglects the lateral contributions and considers the steady and uniform flow along the observed section. Muskingum's method ignores the effects caused by the momentum equation, based on the continuity equation and on the relationships between prismatic and wedge storage during the flood advance. It should be noted that the user can also perform rainfall-runoff transformation simulations in the watershed, executing the coupled SMAP (Soil Moisture Accounting Procedure) module. The software created demonstrates the potential to integrate hydrological modeling with hydrodynamic models in a single application, proving to be a valuable instrument for understanding the physical processes of the water cycle, both in the simulation and in the prediction of water flows in a hydrographic basin. The construction of the interface allows an intuitive operation, even for users with little experience with hydrology and hydrodynamics modeling software that uses geospatial data, displays the results in a user-understandable way and processes several intrinsic mathematical calculations.