Teofanias e intervenções dos deuses na Ilíada.

Abstract

Among the works of the classical period of Greek literature, few have reached modern times in their entirety, being mostly fragments. However, one of the few works that is believed to have reached its complete version is the epic poem Iliad, attributed to the Greek poet Homer, whose existence is still today the subject of great debate. This research aims to analyze a specific aspect of this poem - the divine interventions - based on the concept of theophany, a word that comes from the Greek theophaneia, meaning "appearance of a deity". This concept, widely common to all religions, can be successfully applied to the analysis of several works of world literature. In the Iliad, these apparitions have a determining role for the plot of the narrative and can be found in practically every key moment of the story. This research analyzes, from a bibliographical investigation in authors such as Kirk (1965), Brandão (1999), Wolf (1795), Dourado-Lopes (2013), how these apparitions are represented, what is their role in the narrative and the religious, historical and mythological contexts behind the main theophanies in the Homeric narrative. In the end, it was possible to observe that the relations between the human and the divine in archaic Greece have an irreducible role in the representation of the theophanies in the Iliad, which is responsible for delimiting the places of gods and men in the Homeric world.