A refração e a carnavalização na linguagem: a construção de sentidos no gênero animação.

Abstract

The refraction of society and politics through art is something that refers to records that accompany the history of man as a being instituted as expressive and speaker. In this context, discursive genres are constitutive elements of society development since immemorial time, constituting themselves as transmission belts between the history of society and language. This dissertation was guided by the following problem question: What refractions and carnivalizations can be understood in animations that thematize sociocultural and political contexts regarding the Bolsonaro government? To answer this question, the following general objective was established: to investigate, dialogically, through the phenomenon of refraction and carnivalization, political and social criticism present in the speeches of animations about the Bolsonaro government. As specific objectives: (1) to understand the dimensions of discursive genre (theme, style and composition) in animations; (2) to analyze political and social criticism present in the speeches of the characters refracted and carnivalized in the animations; and (3) to stablish dialogic relationships between the characters’ speeches of the animations with the sociocultural contexts that implied in the construction of the utterances from which they originated. The theories that guide this research are based on the linguistic and philosophical thought of the Bakhtin Circle. This research is situated in the qualitative paradigm of an interpretive nature – for the methodological articulation, the methods used were sociological and etnographic, considering the nature of the data generated on the YouTube platform of the World Wide Web. The corpora of the analysis comprise two animations made by the artist André Guedes: (1) Bolsonaro from 2018 meets the current Bolsonaro; and (2) Captain Clorokina – Lockdoria. The theoretical and methodological articulations of this research provided results that evidenced that refractions and carnivalizations are expressions of discourse in life and art. Among the functions of refraction and carnivalization, in the animations under analysis, we have the effect of laughter, comedy, humor, since both the physical appearance of the characters and their speeches are carnivalized. For this reason, the analyzed animations are only understood (become concrete statements) to the extent that the reading subjects have the knowledge of the facts, events and statements that originated them. Therefore, the subjects of discursive interaction need a critical-reflective involvement on the sociocultural and political contexts that the country finds itself, mainly on the facts related to the Bolsonaro government, considering that it is the current government in Brazil. In summary, this research is the expression of the refraction and carnivalization of discourses of a political nature in animare life and art.