Sistemas individuais de abastecimento rural: análise das alternativas na Zona Rural de Alagoa Nova, PB.

Abstract

Access to water is essential for the maintenance of life, Although Brazil is a privileged country in terms of water resources, distribution is not egalitarian. In this country of continental dimensions, we find regions where rainfall and access to water is abundant and others where access to water is scarce, such as the regions of the Brazilian Semiarid (SAB) with annual rainfall in the range of 250 mm to 750 mm. The situation is even more complex in rural areas which are generally not linked to Water Supply Systems (WAS). Under these conditions, individual Alternative Solutions (SAI) for supply are essential to ensure coexistence with the SAB. In this research, we sought to analyze the solutions adopted by the residents of the rural area of ​​Alagoa Nova. From this research, it was possible to identify the main systems of capture, storage and their uses, being the Rainwater Capture System (SCACs) the main one, intended mainly for human consumption. In addition, through on-site visits and analysis, the main pathologies related to the catchment systems were identified: misalignment of the eaves in the catchment areas, oxidation of the gutters in the conduction subsystems and fissures or cracks in the cisterns. there was also an absence of automatic devices for diverting the first waters. Based on the information collected, a list of recommendations related to the physical maintenance of SAIs and water management was prepared, proposing solutions for the correction of pathologies, adjustments to construction techniques and management practices that guarantee the improvement of the quality of water consumed by residents. .