Monitoramento dos parâmetros físico-químicos no estudo das concentrações de gases de biorreatores de bancada preenchidos com resíduos orgânicos.

Abstract

Monitoring of physical- chemical parameters for production of biogas in landfills Solid Waste is necessary for understanding the fermentation processes, reduce costs and prevent environmental impacts. Besides the physical-chemical parameters can direct the best way to go according to the objective to be achieved in terms of generation, production and concentration of biogas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gas concentration in bioreactors Bench generated by biochemical processes filled with organic waste from a High School located in the city of Campina Grande- PB. To achieve this goal two bioreactors were constructed of PVC stands 0.9 m high, 0.2 m diameter and volume of approximately 0,028 m3 (28L) cylindrical section. These bioreactors were instrumented to allow monitoring and control of fermentation operations. The organic solid waste bioreactors added to bovine manure and water were filled with a total of 0,015 m3 (15L). For monitoring of bioreactors in order to verify the concentrations of the gases generated in the metabolic processes inside became physical-chemical analyzes such as gravity, volume, temperature, pH, moisture, volatile acid, volatile solids, alkalinity and ammonia nitrogen. Before completing the bioreactors with organic waste from school, made sure gravimetric analysis and volumetric composition of municipal solid waste generated in the institution of education research. Organic waste from the school were generated from food scraps provided meals made by students, faculty and staff. According to the technical literature, the physical-chemical parameters dictate the behavior of fermentation processes and thus evaluates them is of paramount importance because possible operational changes for better performance of anaerobic bioreactors can be performed only after understanding these parameters. In studies in benchtop bioreactors filled with organic waste, it was found that the physical-chemical parameters analyzed separately and together did not favor the production of methane concentrations ideas according to the literature. Therefore it was concluded that the monitoring of the physical-chemical parameters can indeed provide a guide the process in order to optimize it, if accompanied with a good theoretical and practical reasons.